En anglais, l'idée du futur dépend du point de vue de l'énonciateur
point de vue de l'énonciateur | structure | prédiction de l'énonciateur |
simple intention, volonté
He's going to leave for a week |
be going to +BV |
probabilité dans l'avenir, certitude
It looks like it is going to rain |
intention confirmée
He's having a week off |
présent progressif |
certitude dans le présent
He's coming tonight |
décision ferme
He has a week off |
présent simple |
certitude absolue / évènement
programmé
The train leaves at 5 |
décision irrévocable/volonté
He will have a week off |
will + BV |
simple prévision
It will rain in the south tomorrow information sur le présent You'll find a baker round the corner |
be to + BV |
projet qui se réalisera / fatalité
The president is to deliver a speech tonight If it were to happen = si cela devait arriver |
|
be about to + BV |
imminence
Hurry up, they're about to leave! |
|
prédiction /contrainte
We shall overcome |
shall + BV | |
be bound to + BV |
inévitabilité
We're all bound to die one day. |
|
be due to + BV |
événement programmé
The flight is due to land at 5 |
|
be sure to |
il y a de fortes chances pour que
He's sure to win |
|
be certain to |
il y a toute les chances pour que
He's certain to win |
|
be likely to |
il est probable que
He's likely to win |
will have +participe passé
action qui sera du passé
à un moment à venir (futur
antérieur)
ex : the snow will have disappeared before
the end of April
will be + V_ing
action en cours à un
moment donné à venir
ex : this time next week, he'll be flying to New
york.
would est l'équivalent de will au discours indirect
ex : He said :"I'll come" ; he said he would come